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Credit:- Thinkimpact
Credit:- Thinkimpact
By Sandra Craft, ThinkImpact Updated: January 17, 2025
| State | Literacy Rate (%) | Literacy Rank | PIACC Estimate | PIACC Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 85.2 | 39 | 259 | 44 |
| Alaska | 90.8 | 19 | 277 | 5 |
| Arizona | 86.9 | 33 | 262 | 37 |
| Arkansas | 86.3 | 37 | 259 | 45 |
| California | 76.9 | 50 | 257 | 46 |
| Colorado | 90.1 | 22 | 272 | 16 |
| Connecticut | 91.4 | 15 | 271 | 18 |
| Delaware | 89.3 | 26 | 264 | 34 |
| District of Columbia | n/a | n/a | 277 | 4 |
| Florida | 80.3 | 48 | 259 | 43 |
| Georgia | 83.3 | 45 | 260 | 39 |
| Hawaii | 84.1 | 40 | 270 | 22 |
| Idaho | 89.5 | 25 | 270 | 24 |
| Illinois | 87.1 | 32 | 266 | 31 |
| Indiana | 92.0 | 12 | 266 | 27 |
| Iowa | 92.5 | 9 | 273 | 9 |
| Kansas | 92.2 | 11 | 271 | 19 |
| Kentucky | 87.8 | 29 | 261 | 38 |
| Louisiana | 84.0 | 41 | 252 | 51 |
| Maine | 92.6 | 8 | 273 | 11 |
| Maryland | 88.8 | 27 | 268 | 26 |
| Massachusetts | 90.1 | 23 | 273 | 13 |
| Michigan | 91.7 | 13 | 271 | 21 |
| Minnesota | 94.0 | 2 | 279 | 2 |
| Mississippi | 84.0 | 42 | 252 | 49 |
| Missouri | 92.5 | 10 | 266 | 30 |
| Montana | 91.2 | 16 | 273 | 14 |
| Nebraska | 92.7 | 6 | 271 | 17 |
| Nevada | 83.9 | 43 | 255 | 47 |
| New Hampshire | 94.2 | 1 | 279 | 1 |
| New Jersey | 83.1 | 46 | 264 | 33 |
| New Mexico | 83.5 | 44 | 252 | 50 |
| New York | 77.9 | 49 | 260 | 42 |
| North Carolina | 86.4 | 36 | 265 | 32 |
| North Dakota | 93.7 | 3 | 276 | 6 |
| Ohio | 90.9 | 18 | 268 | 25 |
| Oklahoma | 87.7 | 30 | 263 | 35 |
| Oregon | 89.8 | 24 | 273 | 10 |
| Pennsylvania | 87.4 | 31 | 266 | 28 |
| Rhode Island | 91.5 | 14 | 266 | 29 |
| South Carolina | 85.3 | 38 | 263 | 36 |
| South Dakota | 93.0 | 5 | 271 | 20 |
| Tennessee | 86.8 | 34 | 260 | 40 |
| Texas | 81.0 | 47 | 254 | 48 |
| Utah | 90.6 | 20 | 274 | 8 |
| Vermont | 93.4 | 4 | 277 | 3 |
| Virginia | 88.0 | 28 | 270 | 23 |
| Washington | 90.2 | 21 | 275 | 7 |
| West Virginia | 86.6 | 35 | 260 | 41 |
| Wisconsin | 92.7 | 7 | 273 | 12 |
| Wyoming | 91.1 | 17 | 272 | 15 |
| Average | 88 | 25.5 | 264 | 26 |
| State | Rank (Lower is Better) |
Students Not Reading Proficiently (%) | Lower Income Students (%) | Higher Income Students (%) | Improvement (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 35 | 69 | 82 | 51 | 12 |
| Alaska | 44 | 73 | 85 | 60 | -1 |
| Arizona | 40 | 72 | 85 | 57 | 6 |
| Arkansas | 32 | 68 | 78 | 54 | 6 |
| California | 43 | 73 | 85 | 54 | 8 |
| Colorado | 8 | 59 | 79 | 54 | 6 |
| Connecticut | 5 | 57 | 81 | 43 | 0 |
| Delaware | 13 | 62 | 75 | 48 | 7 |
| District of Columbia | 45 | 77 | 87 | 39 | 14 |
| Florida | 12 | 61 | 73 | 42 | 10 |
| Georgia | 26 | 66 | 79 | 47 | 10 |
| Hawaii | 37 | 70 | 83 | 57 | 11 |
| Idaho | 31 | 67 | 78 | 56 | 4 |
| Illinois | 28 | 66 | 84 | 48 | 4 |
| Indiana | 14 | 62 | 75 | 49 | 7 |
| Iowa | 16 | 62 | 77 | 52 | 5 |
| Kansas | 14 | 62 | 78 | 46 | 7 |
| Kentucky | 21 | 64 | 77 | 49 | 7 |
| Louisiana | 46 | 77 | 85 | 58 | 4 |
| Maine | 19 | 63 | 76 | 52 | 2 |
| Maryland | 2 | 55 | 76 | 42 | 19 |
| Massachusetts | 1 | 53 | 75 | 38 | 12 |
| Michigan | 34 | 69 | 81 | 58 | -1 |
| Minnesota | 9 | 59 | 77 | 48 | 6 |
| Mississippi | 47 | 79 | 85 | 58 | 4 |
| Missouri | 23 | 65 | 77 | 51 | 2 |
| Montana | 24 | 65 | 78 | 54 | 0 |
| Nebraska | 19 | 63 | 77 | 51 | 7 |
| Nevada | 42 | 73 | 83 | 56 | 9 |
| New Hampshire | 3 | 55 | 76 | 47 | 8 |
| New Jersey | 7 | 58 | 78 | 44 | 5 |
| New Mexico | 48 | 79 | 85 | 61 | 2 |
| New York | 18 | 63 | 77 | 47 | 5 |
| North Carolina | 22 | 65 | 78 | 47 | 3 |
| North Dakota | 29 | 66 | 78 | 60 | 3 |
| Ohio | 17 | 63 | 80 | 48 | 5 |
| Oklahoma | 36 | 70 | 79 | 57 | 5 |
| Oregon | 30 | 67 | 79 | 50 | 3 |
| Pennsylvania | 10 | 60 | 77 | 45 | 10 |
| Rhode Island | 15 | 62 | 81 | 45 | 13 |
| South Carolina | 39 | 72 | 83 | 54 | 3 |
| South Dakota | 33 | 68 | 82 | 58 | -1 |
| Tennessee | 27 | 66 | 82 | 48 | 11 |
| Texas | 38 | 72 | 83 | 53 | -1 |
| Utah | 20 | 63 | 76 | 54 | 7 |
| Vermont | 6 | 58 | 74 | 46 | 8 |
| Virginia | 4 | 57 | 79 | 44 | 12 |
| Washington | 11 | 60 | 77 | 47 | 10 |
| West Virginia | 41 | 73 | 76 | 63 | -3 |
| Wisconsin | 25 | 65 | 80 | 53 | 3 |
| Wyoming | 20 | 63 | 76 | 54 | 5 |
| Average | 24 | 66 | 80 | 49 | 6 |
The following table provides an overview of the literacy rates for 20 diverse countries around the world, reflecting data available as of 2025. These figures represent the percentage of the population aged 15 and over who can read and
write, though definitions and methodologies may vary by country.
| Country | Literacy Rate (%) |
|---|---|
| Australia | 99 |
| Brazil | 93 |
| Canada | 99 |
| China | 96.4 |
| Egypt | 75.6 |
| France | 99 |
| Germany | 99 |
| India | 74.4 |
| Indonesia | 95.4 |
| Italy | 99 |
| Japan | 99 |
| Kenya | 81.5 |
| Mexico | 94.5 |
| Nigeria | 62 |
| Pakistan | 59.1 |
| Russia | 99.7 |
| South Africa | 94.4 |
| Turkey | 96.2 |
| United Kingdom | 99 |
| United States | 99 |
1. U.S. Department of Education Data Points Adult Literacy in the United States
2. NCES Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies
3. What is PIAAC?
4. Digest of Education Statistics 2018
5. Literacy Project – 30 Key Child Literacy Stats Parents Need to Be Aware of
6. NCES States and Counties with Highest and Lowest Levels of Adult Literacy
7. NCES PIAAC Skills Map
8. NCES PIACC Comparison Charts
9. World Population Review U.S. Literacy Rates by State
10. States Where Children Are Struggling the Most to Read
11. AECF Data Snapshot Early Reading Proficiency

77+ US Reading Statistics 2025 (Surveys and Facts)
NAEP and The Nation’s Report Card
The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) is a national assessment program conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics to inform the US public of elementary and secondary education status. The long-running initiative measures explicitly the academic achievement of American students in reading, mathematics, and science domains.
Comparing 2019 and 2022 NAEP Reading Scores
| 2019 | 2022 | 2019 | 2022 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10th | 168 | 162 | 213 | 209 |
| 25th | 197 | 192 | 240 | 236 |
| 50th | 225 | 222 | 266 | 263 |
| 75th | 248 | 246 | 289 | 287 |
| 90th | 266 | 266 | 309 | 307 |
NAEP results for grades 4 and 8 are reported at the state and district levels as The Nation’s Report Card.
You can find out more about literacy rates in the United States
NAEP Reading Assessment Results
| State | 4th-Grade | 8th-Grade | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 2022 | 2019 | 2022 | |
| Massachusetts | 231 | 227 | 273 | 269 |
| New Hampshire | 224 | 223 | 268 | 263 |
| North Dakota | 221 | 218 | 263 | 258 |
| Vermont | 222 | 217 | 268 | 264 |
| Minnesota | 222 | 215 | 264 | 260 |
| Maine | 221 | 213 | 265 | 257 |
| Montana | 222 | 219 | 265 | 261 |
| Iowa | 221 | 218 | 262 | 260 |
| Connecticut | 224 | 219 | 270 | 264 |
| Wisconsin | 220 | 217 | 267 | 262 |
| Kansas | 219 | 215 | 263 | 256 |
| New Jersey | 227 | 223 | 270 | 270 |
| South Dakota | 222 | 218 | 263 | 262 |
| Wyoming | 227 | 225 | 265 | 261 |
| Nebraska | 222 | 219 | 264 | 259 |
| Virginia | 224 | 214 | 262 | 260 |
| Washington | 220 | 217 | 266 | 262 |
| Ohio | 222 | 219 | 267 | 262 |
| Indiana | 222 | 217 | 266 | 261 |
| Colorado | 225 | 223 | 267 | 263 |
| Pennsylvania | 223 | 219 | 264 | 259 |
| Idaho | 223 | 215 | 266 | 264 |
| Oregon | 218 | 210 | 264 | 257 |
| Utah | 225 | 221 | 267 | 265 |
| Missouri | 218 | 213 | 263 | 258 |
| New York | 220 | 214 | 262 | 262 |
| Michigan | 218 | 212 | 263 | 259 |
| Delaware | 218 | 208 | 260 | 253 |
| North Carolina | 221 | 216 | 263 | 256 |
| Texas | 216 | 214 | 256 | 255 |
| Illinois | 218 | 218 | 265 | 262 |
| Maryland | 220 | 212 | 264 | 259 |
| Rhode Island | 220 | 217 | 262 | 259 |
| Kentucky | 221 | 217 | 263 | 258 |
| Oklahoma | 216 | 208 | 258 | 251 |
| Alaska | 204 | 204 | 252 | 253 |
| West Virginia | 213 | 205 | 256 | 249 |
| Florida | 225 | 225 | 263 | 260 |
| South Carolina | 216 | 216 | 259 | 254 |
| Georgia | 218 | 216 | 262 | 260 |
| Tennessee | 219 | 214 | 262 | 258 |
| Arkansas | 215 | 212 | 259 | 255 |
| Arizona | 216 | 215 | 259 | 259 |
| Nevada | 218 | 212 | 258 | 259 |
| Alabama | 212 | 213 | 253 | 251 |
| New Mexico | 208 | 202 | 252 | 248 |
| Hawaii | 218 | 219 | 258 | 259 |
| California | 216 | 214 | 259 | 259 |
| Louisiana | 210 | 212 | 257 | 257 |
| Mississippi | 219 | 217 | 256 | 253 |
Source: NAEP Report Card
Per 2022 NAEP Reading Assessment highlights, 33.25% of fourth-graders and 30.80% of eighth-graders in the US have attained reading proficiency.
Here is a summary by year:
| Year | 4th-Grade Reading Scores | Percentage (%) of 4th Graders Proficient in Reading | 8th-Grade Reading Scores | Percentage (%) of 8th Graders Proficient in Reading |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2003 | 216 | 31.46% | 261 | 32.22% |
| 2005 | 217 | 31.5% | 260 | 30.76% |
| 2007 | 220 | 33.09% | 261 | 31.23% |
| 2009 | 220 | 33.03% | 262 | 32.39% |
| 2011 | 220 | 33.71% | 264 | 33.5% |
| 2013 | 221 | 35.22% | 266 | 36.14% |
| 2015 | 221 | 36.11% | 264 | 34.31% |
| 2017 | 221 | 36.55% | 265 | 36.13% |
| 2019 | 219 | 35.34% | 262 | 33.58% |
| 2022 | 216 | 33.25% | 259 | 30.80% |
A study featured in the international peer-reviewed Psychological Medicine journal in June 2023 concluded that cultivating a habit of reading for pleasure in children at an early age (2 to 9 years) improves cognitive performance and mental well-being in their later adolescent years.
The cross-sectional and longitudinal study published by Cambridge University Press drew from data of slightly over 10,200 American adolescents. It determined the optimal amount of reading for pleasure for a young adult to be roughly 12 hours per week.
The global print book industry has seen a radical shift in the last few years, specifically in how books are formatted, distributed, and consumed.
The latter is a result of new-age consumers moving to online and digital media formats as their preferred option.
Still, print books have retained their relevance, cementing the forecast that they are unlikely to be replaced entirely.
Print is still the most popular book format, with at least two-thirds of US readers in any year reading a hardcopy.
| Year | Percentage (%) of adults who have read a book in: | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any format | e-Book | Audiobook | ||
| 2011 | 78 | 72 | 17 | 11 |
| 2012 | 74 | 65 | 23 | 13 |
| 2014 | 76 | 69 | 28 | 14 |
| 2015 | 72 | 63 | 27 | 12 |
| 2016 | 73 | 65 | 28 | 14 |
| 2018 | 74 | 67 | 26 | 28 |
| 2019 | 72 | 65 | 25 | 20 |
| 2021 | 75 | 65 | 30 | 23 |
Source: 2021 survey results
| Year | Volume of Units Sold ($ million) * | Revenue from Book Sales ($ billion) | No. of Companies ** | No. of Locations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 | 591 | 30.9 | 1567 | 1900 |
| 2013 | 620 | 30.6 | 1632 | 1971 |
| 2014 | 635 | 30.5 | 1664 | *** |
| 2015 | 653 | 31.3 | 1712 | 2227 |
| 2016 | 674 | 31.3 | 1775 | 2311 |
| 2017 | 686.9 | 31.2 | 1757 | 2321 |
| 2018 | 698.4 | 29.3 | 1835 | 2470 |
| 2019 | 693.7 | 27.8 | 1887 | 2524 |
| 2020 | 757.9 | 25.7 | *** | *** |
| 2021 | 843.1 | 27.9 | 1701 | 2100 |
| 2022 | 788.7 | 28.10 | 2023 | 2506 |
| 2023 | *** | *** | 2185 | 2599 |
* Data on book units sold and revenue sourced from Statista
** Data on independent bookstores sourced from Statista
*** Comparable data not available
Though print remains the dominant book format among US readers even as of December 2022, book lovers have been embracing technology in their hobbies.
Audiobook and e-book alternatives have seen growing demand as consumers capitalize on the accessibility and convenience that they offer.
| Employment Status | Avg. time spent reading (hours) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | |
| Full-time | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.21 | 0.17 |
| Part-time | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.24 | 0.24 |
| Unemployed | 0.42 | 0.44 | 0.52 | 0.42 |
| Year | Reading time men | Reading time women | Daily average reading time (minutes) | Share of everyday men readers | Percentage of everyday women readers | Percentage of Americans who read every day |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 | 15:36 | 22:48 | 19:48 | 17.50% | 23.70% | 20.70% |
| 2013 | 15:36 | 22:48 | 19:12 | 17.30% | 23.40% | 20.50% |
| 2014 | 16:12 | 22:12 | 19:12 | 18.00% | 24.30% | 21.30% |
| 2015 | 16:12 | 22:12 | 19:12 | 18.20% | 23.90% | 21.10% |
| 2016 | 15:00 | 19:48 | 17:24 | 17.00% | 21.80% | 19.50% |
| 2017 | 13:12 | 19:48 | 16:48 | 15.20% | 22.00% | 18.70% |
| 2018 | 14:24 | 17:24 | 15:36 | 16.20% | 18.80% | 17.50% |
| 2019 | 13:48 | 18:36 | 16:12 | 16.00% | 19.90% | 18.00% |
| 2021 | 13:48 | 19:12 | 16:48 | 14.70% | 20.80% | 17.90% |
| Year | Ages 15 to 24 | Ages 25 to 54 | Ages 55 to 64 | Ages 65+ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg. time spent reading | Share of everyday readers within age group | Avg. time spent reading | Share of everyday readers within age group | Avg. time spent reading | Share of everyday readers within age group | Average time spent reading |
|
| 2012 | 07:48 | 8.80% | 12:00 | 15.40% | 25:48 | 27.20% | 48:36 |
| 2013 | 10:48 | 12.00% | 09:36 | 13.40% | 25:12 | 27.30% | 49:48 |
| 2014 | 10:12 | 10.10% | 10:12 | 15.00% | 22:12 | 27.40% | 49:12 |
| 2015 | 09:00 | 10.00% | 11:24 | 15.30% | 22:12 | 25.50% | 48:36 |
| 2016 | 07:48 | 9.40% | 09:36 | 13.70% | 22:12 | 25.50% | 40:48 |
| 2017 | 07:12 | 8.50% | 09:36 | 13.50% | 18:00 | 22.70% | 41:24 |
| 2018 | 06:36 | 7.60% | 08:24 | 11.70% | 16:12 | 21.40% | 41:24 |
| 2019 | 06:36 | 8.80% | 10:12 | 13.60% | 16:48 | 19.60% | 36:36 |
| 2021 | 09:36 | 10.80% | 10:48 | 13.10% | 17:24 | 20.50% | 34:12 |
| Country | Hours per Person per Week | Country | Hours per Person per Week | Country | Hours per Person per Week |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| India | 10.42 | Saudi Arabia | 06.48 | Canada | 05.48 |
| Thailand | 09.24 | Hong Kong | 06.42 | Germany | 05.42 |
| China | 08.00 | Poland | 06.30 | United States of America | 05.42 |
| Philippines | 07.36 | Venezuela | 06.24 | Italy | 05.36 |
| Egypt | 07.30 | South Africa | 06.18 | Mexico | 05.30 |
| Czech Republic | 07.24 | Australia | 06.18 | United Kingdom | 05.18 |
| Russia | 07.06 | Indonesia | 06.00 | Brazil | 05.12 |
| Sweden | 06.54 | Argentina | 05.54 | Taiwan | 05.00 |
| France | 06.54 | Turkey | 05.54 | Japan | 04.06 |
| Hungary | 06.48 | Spain | 05.48 | Korea | 03.06 |
Reading, as an exercise, involves comprehension of the language or mode of communication in use, extraction of meaning from the information conveyed and retention of the extracted ideas.
The art of reading is, as such, considered a taught skill that is acquired through exposure and perfected by practice.
Though the science of reading remains debatable, the activity is unquestionably a key aspect of learning and an essential part of literacy.
In addition to building language vocabulary and overall proficiency, reading helps unlock the mind by inspiring creativity, broadening thought horizons, and boosting imagination.
The pandemic hindered data collection by organizations, including the Bureau of Labor Statistics, resulting in a lack of verifiable comparable figures for the year in many aspects.
Reading not only helps children acquire knowledge but also defines their academic development journey beyond childhood. More than that, proficiency in reading is a requirement for matriculation at all levels of education, from elementary to university.