Children’s University Achievement Corporation

Last Updated on: August 17, 2022 by Schilling Arden |  Fact Checked

Literacy Statistics 2022

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Literacy Statistics are critical in determining the level of literacy within a population. They can help to identify areas where literacy levels are low and identify potential interventions to improve literacy rates.

Furthermore, literacy statistics can be used to compare the literacy levels of different groups within a population and to monitor changes in literacy over time. Consequently, literacy statistics is a valuable tool for policy-makers and educators alike.

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Table of Contents

Report Highlights

Credit:- Thinkimpact

Child Literacy Statistics

The average reading score for fourth and eighth graders in 2017 was higher than in 1992, but not considerably higher than in 2015. This is according to the 2018 Digest of Education Statistics.

While the gap between White and Black and White and Hispanic pupils has narrowed considerably between 1992 and 2017, it hasn’t narrowed at all between 2015 and 2017.

Child Literacy Statistics by State (4th Grade)

Credit:- Thinkimpact

Adult Literacy Statistics

Adult Literacy Rate and PIACC Score Estimate by State

By Sandra Craft, ThinkImpact Updated: January 17, 2025

48+ US Literacy Statistics 2025

Report Highlights
  • On average, 79% of U.S. adults nationwide are literate in 2025.
  • 21% of adults in the US are illiterate in 2025.
  • 54% of adults have literacy below a 6th-grade level (20% are below a 5th-grade level).
  • Low levels of literacy costs the US up to 2.2 trillion per year.
  • 34% of adults lacking literacy proficiency were born outside the US.
  • Massachusetts was the state with the highest rate of child literacy.
  • New Mexico was the state with the lowest child literacy rate.
  • New Hampshire was the state with the highest percentage of adults considered literate.
  • The state with the lowest adult literacy rate was California.
  • On average, nationwide, 66% of 4th-grade children in the U.S. could not read proficiently in 2013.

Adult Literacy Statistics

Adult Literacy Rate and PIACC Score Estimate by State

US Literacy Rates (data from nces.ed.gov) Light Blue = below average / Dark Blue = above average
StateLiteracy Rate (%)Literacy RankPIACC EstimatePIACC Rank
Alabama85.23925944
Alaska90.8192775
Arizona86.93326237
Arkansas86.33725945
California76.95025746
Colorado90.12227216
Connecticut91.41527118
Delaware89.32626434
District of Columbian/an/a2774
Florida80.34825943
Georgia83.34526039
Hawaii84.14027022
Idaho89.52527024
Illinois87.13226631
Indiana92.01226627
Iowa92.592739
Kansas92.21127119
Kentucky87.82926138
Louisiana84.04125251
Maine92.6827311
Maryland88.82726826
Massachusetts90.12327313
Michigan91.71327121
Minnesota94.022792
Mississippi84.04225249
Missouri92.51026630
Montana91.21627314
Nebraska92.7627117
Nevada83.94325547
New Hampshire94.212791
New Jersey83.14626433
New Mexico83.54425250
New York77.94926042
North Carolina86.43626532
North Dakota93.732766
Ohio90.91826825
Oklahoma87.73026335
Oregon89.82427310
Pennsylvania87.43126628
Rhode Island91.51426629
South Carolina85.33826336
South Dakota93.0527120
Tennessee86.83426040
Texas81.04725448
Utah90.6202748
Vermont93.442773
Virginia88.02827023
Washington90.2212757
West Virginia86.63526041
Wisconsin92.7727312
Wyoming91.11727215
Average8825.526426

Child Literacy Statistics

According to the 2018 Digest of Education Statistics, reading scores for most children in 4th and 8th grade were measurably higher in 2017 than they were in 1992, though not measurably higher than they were in 2015. Additionally, the performance gap between certain ethnic groups, such as between White and Black students and between White and Hispanic groups, decreased significantly between 1992 and 2017, though not very much between 2015 and 2017.

Child Literacy Statistics by State (4th Grade)

State Rank
(Lower is Better)
Students Not Reading Proficiently (%) Lower Income Students (%) Higher Income Students (%) Improvement (%)
Alabama3569825112
Alaska44738560-1
Arizona407285576
Arkansas326878546
California437385548
Colorado85979546
Connecticut55781430
Delaware136275487
District of Columbia4577873914
Florida1261734210
Georgia2666794710
Hawaii3770835711
Idaho316778564
Illinois286684484
Indiana146275497
Iowa166277525
Kansas146278467
Kentucky216477497
Louisiana467785584
Maine196376522
Maryland255764219
Massachusetts153753812
Michigan34698158-1
Minnesota95977486
Mississippi477985584
Missouri236577512
Montana246578540
Nebraska196377517
Nevada427383569
New Hampshire35576478
New Jersey75878445
New Mexico487985612
New York186377475
North Carolina226578473
North Dakota296678603
Ohio176380485
Oklahoma367079575
Oregon306779503
Pennsylvania1060774510
Rhode Island1562814513
South Carolina397283543
South Dakota33688258-1
Tennessee2766824811
Texas38728353-1
Utah206376547
Vermont65874468
Virginia457794412
Washington1160774710
West Virginia41737663-3
Wisconsin256580533
Wyoming206376545
Average246680496

Literacy Rate By Country 2025

The following table provides an overview of the literacy rates for 20 diverse countries around the world, reflecting data available as of 2025. These figures represent the percentage of the population aged 15 and over who can read and
write, though definitions and methodologies may vary by country.

Country Literacy Rate (%)
Australia99
Brazil93
Canada99
China96.4
Egypt75.6
France99
Germany99
India74.4
Indonesia95.4
Italy99
Japan99
Kenya81.5
Mexico94.5
Nigeria62
Pakistan59.1
Russia99.7
South Africa94.4
Turkey96.2
United Kingdom99
United States99

References

1. U.S. Department of Education Data Points Adult Literacy in the United States
2. NCES Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies
3. What is PIAAC?
4. Digest of Education Statistics 2018
5. Literacy Project – 30 Key Child Literacy Stats Parents Need to Be Aware of
6. NCES States and Counties with Highest and Lowest Levels of Adult Literacy
7. NCES PIAAC Skills Map
8. NCES PIACC Comparison Charts
9. World Population Review U.S. Literacy Rates by State
10. States Where Children Are Struggling the Most to Read
11. AECF Data Snapshot Early Reading Proficiency

77+ US Reading Statistics 2025 (Surveys and Facts)

Reading Proficiency in the US

NAEP and The Nation’s Report Card
The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) is a national assessment program conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics to inform the US public of elementary and secondary education status. The long-running initiative measures explicitly the academic achievement of American students in reading, mathematics, and science domains.

Comparing 2019 and 2022 NAEP Reading Scores

 2019202220192022
10th168162213209
25th197192240236
50th225222266263
75th248246289287
90th266266309307

NAEP results for grades 4 and 8 are reported at the state and district levels as The Nation’s Report Card.

Reading Statistics by States

You can find out more about literacy rates in the United States

Proficiency in reading at the State level

NAEP Reading Assessment Results

State4th-Grade8th-Grade
2019202220192022
Massachusetts231227273269
New Hampshire224223268263
North Dakota221218263258
Vermont222217268264
Minnesota222215264260
Maine221213265257
Montana222219265261
Iowa221218262260
Connecticut224219270264
Wisconsin220217267262
Kansas219215263256
New Jersey227223270270
South Dakota222218263262
Wyoming227225265261
Nebraska222219264259
Virginia224214262260
Washington220217266262
Ohio222219267262
Indiana222217266261
Colorado225223267263
Pennsylvania223219264259
Idaho223215266264
Oregon218210264257
Utah225221267265
Missouri218213263258
New York220214262262
Michigan218212263259
Delaware218208260253
North Carolina221216263256
Texas216214256255
Illinois218218265262
Maryland220212264259
Rhode Island220217262259
Kentucky221217263258
Oklahoma216208258251
Alaska204204252253
West Virginia213205256249
Florida225225263260
South Carolina216216259254
Georgia218216262260
Tennessee219214262258
Arkansas215212259255
Arizona216215259259
Nevada218212258259
Alabama212213253251
New Mexico208202252248
Hawaii218219258259
California216214259259
Louisiana210212257257
Mississippi219217256253

Source: NAEP Report Card

US Reading Scores Per Year

Per 2022 NAEP Reading Assessment highlights, 33.25% of fourth-graders and 30.80% of eighth-graders in the US have attained reading proficiency.

Here is a summary by year:

Changes in NAEP reading achievement-level results

Year4th-Grade Reading ScoresPercentage (%) of 4th Graders Proficient in Reading8th-Grade Reading ScoresPercentage (%) of 8th Graders Proficient in Reading
200321631.46%26132.22%
200521731.5%26030.76%
200722033.09%26131.23%
200922033.03%26232.39%
201122033.71%26433.5%
201322135.22%26636.14%
201522136.11%26434.31%
201722136.55%26536.13%
201921935.34%26233.58%
202221633.25%25930.80%

A study featured in the international peer-reviewed Psychological Medicine journal in June 2023 concluded that cultivating a habit of reading for pleasure in children at an early age (2 to 9 years) improves cognitive performance and mental well-being in their later adolescent years.

The cross-sectional and longitudinal study published by Cambridge University Press drew from data of slightly over 10,200 American adolescents. It determined the optimal amount of reading for pleasure for a young adult to be roughly 12 hours per week.

Reading Habits and Preferences in the US by Year

The global print book industry has seen a radical shift in the last few years, specifically in how books are formatted, distributed, and consumed.

The latter is a result of new-age consumers moving to online and digital media formats as their preferred option.

Still, print books have retained their relevance, cementing the forecast that they are unlikely to be replaced entirely.

Print is still the most popular book format, with at least two-thirds of US readers in any year reading a hardcopy.

YearPercentage (%) of adults who have read a book in:
Any formatPrinte-BookAudiobook
201178721711
201274652313
201476692814
201572632712
201673652814
201874672628
201972652520
202175653023

Source: 2021 survey results

US Print Book Industry Statistics – Bookstore Distribution, Sales and Revenue

YearVolume of Units Sold
($ million) *
Revenue from Book Sales
($ billion)
No. of Companies **No. of Locations
201259130.915671900
201362030.616321971
201463530.51664***
201565331.317122227
201667431.317752311
2017686.931.217572321
2018698.429.318352470
2019693.727.818872524
2020757.925.7******
2021843.127.917012100
2022788.728.1020232506
2023******21852599

* Data on book units sold and revenue sourced from Statista
** Data on independent bookstores sourced from Statista
*** Comparable data not available

Reading and Technology

Though print remains the dominant book format among US readers even as of December 2022, book lovers have been embracing technology in their hobbies.

Audiobook and e-book alternatives have seen growing demand as consumers capitalize on the accessibility and convenience that they offer.

Socioeconomic Factors Affecting Reading – Age, Gender, Ethnicity, and Employment Status

Employment as a factor affecting reading

Employment Status Avg. time spent reading (hours)
2018 2019 2020 2021
Full-time 0.15 0.15 0.21 0.17
Part-time 0.26 0.27 0.24 0.24
Unemployed 0.42 0.44 0.52 0.42

Reading Statistics by Gender

Year Reading time men Reading time women Daily average reading time (minutes) Share of everyday men readers Percentage of everyday women readers Percentage of Americans who read every day
201215:3622:4819:4817.50%23.70%20.70%
201315:3622:4819:1217.30%23.40%20.50%
201416:1222:1219:1218.00%24.30%21.30%
201516:1222:1219:1218.20%23.90%21.10%
201615:0019:4817:2417.00%21.80%19.50%
201713:1219:4816:4815.20%22.00%18.70%
201814:2417:2415:3616.20%18.80%17.50%
201913:4818:3616:1216.00%19.90%18.00%
202113:4819:1216:4814.70%20.80%17.90%

Reading Statistics by Age

Year Ages 15 to 24 Ages 25 to 54 Ages 55 to 64 Ages 65+
Avg. time spent reading Share of everyday readers within age group Avg. time spent reading Share of everyday readers within age group Avg. time spent reading Share of everyday readers within age group Average time spent reading
201207:488.80%12:0015.40%25:4827.20%48:36
201310:4812.00%09:3613.40%25:1227.30%49:48
201410:1210.10%10:1215.00%22:1227.40%49:12
201509:0010.00%11:2415.30%22:1225.50%48:36
201607:489.40%09:3613.70%22:1225.50%40:48
201707:128.50%09:3613.50%18:0022.70%41:24
201806:367.60%08:2411.70%16:1221.40%41:24
201906:368.80%10:1213.60%16:4819.60%36:36
202109:3610.80%10:4813.10%17:2420.50%34:12

National Reading Statistics in the US vs other countries

Average time spent reading by country

Country Hours per Person per Week Country Hours per Person per Week Country Hours per Person per Week
India10.42Saudi Arabia06.48Canada05.48
Thailand09.24Hong Kong06.42Germany05.42
China08.00Poland06.30United States of America05.42
Philippines07.36Venezuela06.24Italy05.36
Egypt07.30South Africa06.18Mexico05.30
Czech Republic07.24Australia06.18United Kingdom05.18
Russia07.06Indonesia06.00Brazil05.12
Sweden06.54Argentina05.54Taiwan05.00
France06.54Turkey05.54Japan04.06
Hungary06.48Spain05.48Korea03.06

About Reading Statistics in the U.S.

Reading, as an exercise, involves comprehension of the language or mode of communication in use, extraction of meaning from the information conveyed and retention of the extracted ideas.

The art of reading is, as such, considered a taught skill that is acquired through exposure and perfected by practice.

Though the science of reading remains debatable, the activity is unquestionably a key aspect of learning and an essential part of literacy.

In addition to building language vocabulary and overall proficiency, reading helps unlock the mind by inspiring creativity, broadening thought horizons, and boosting imagination.

Impact of The Pandemic on Reading

The pandemic hindered data collection by organizations, including the Bureau of Labor Statistics, resulting in a lack of verifiable comparable figures for the year in many aspects.

Reading among Children – Impact and Benefits

Reading not only helps children acquire knowledge but also defines their academic development journey beyond childhood. More than that, proficiency in reading is a requirement for matriculation at all levels of education, from elementary to university.

Newspaper Reading Statistics

References

What Is the Average IQ in 2025? (US and Other Countries)